GD Project · Environmental Well-being

Does the decline of green spaces affect human well-being?

In cities like Mumbai, rapid urbanisation is destroying nature faster than we can protect it. We're on a mission to understand this crisis — and give communities the tools to fight back.

40%
of urban residents lack access to a green space within 300m of their home
21%
reduction in cortisol after just 20 minutes in a green space (WHO)
3.6B
people — nearly half the world — now live in cities with insufficient green coverage
↑29%
increase in mental health disorders in cities with less than 10% green cover
The Problem

Mumbai is losing its lungs

In cities like Mumbai, there has been a huge decline in green spaces due to urbanisation. The lack of green spaces also affects people's well-being — people are permanently surrounded by crowds and pollution, with barely any access to nature.

"Green spaces are not a luxury — they are a fundamental component of healthy urban living. Their absence creates measurable harm to mental and physical health."

— World Health Organisation, Urban Green Spaces Report

Green spaces improve overall well-being of humans, so their decline — especially in urban areas — makes living unhealthy. This issue gives way to the urgent need of restoring green spaces in urbanised cities.

Why It Matters

The impact on us

🧠

Mental Health

Nature exposure reduces anxiety, depression and stress. Without it, urban residents show significantly higher rates of psychological disorders.

🫁

Physical Health

Green spaces filter air pollution, reduce heat islands, and encourage physical activity — all directly tied to cardiovascular and respiratory health.

🤝

Social Well-being

Parks are community connectors. Their absence fragments social bonds, increases loneliness, and weakens community resilience.

Our Approach

Three ways we're fighting back

🌱

EcoStride Mumbai

A city-wide challenge where we spread awareness and guide people to plant trees using organic pencils — then share their journeys with us.

🎓

Eco-Warriors Course

An online course connecting youth with experts to learn about green spaces and get certified as Eco-Warriors who create gardens at home.

🗺️

Green Map

A live worldwide map of parks, green spaces, nature reserves and ethical animal sanctuaries — so you always know where to go to restore your well-being.

Our Research

Evidence behind the crisis

We combine primary data collection with secondary research from global organisations to paint a comprehensive picture of how green spaces affect human well-being.

Primary Research

Surveys & Interviews

We conducted surveys and interviews with people across different environments — densely built urban areas, suburban zones, and areas with park access — to collect direct opinions on how their environment affects their mood, stress levels, and overall well-being.

KEY QUESTIONS ASKED
  • How often do you visit a park or green space per week?
  • How does your environment affect your daily mood?
  • Do you feel more stressed in areas without green spaces?
  • Would more green spaces in your area improve your well-being?
Primary Research

Observational Data

We collected observational data across three types of urban environments — parks and green spaces, regular city streets, and over-urbanised high-density zones — measuring visible indicators of well-being like crowd behaviour, pace of movement, spontaneous social interaction, and general demeanour.

OBSERVATION LOCATIONS
Shivaji Park, Mumbai Dharavi streets Sanjay Gandhi Nat. Park Nariman Point
Secondary Research

Global Organisations

We draw on reports and data from government and environmental organisations whose mandates specifically cover urban health and the environment.

  • WHO — Urban Green Spaces & Health report: extensive evidence linking green space access to mental and physical health outcomes
  • UNEP — Cities and Biodiversity outlook: how urbanisation destroys urban ecosystems and what can be done
  • BBMP / BMC reports — Mumbai-specific data on green cover decline and urban heat island effects
Secondary Research

Academic Literature

We analysed peer-reviewed journals, research papers, books and articles to build a rigorous evidence base.

"Exposure to natural environments consistently produces restorative effects, reducing mental fatigue and restoring depleted attentional resources."

— Kaplan & Kaplan, Attention Restoration Theory (1989)

"A 10% increase in urban green cover can reduce the urban heat island effect by up to 1.5°C, with measurable health co-benefits."

— Nature Cities, 2023
Key Findings

What the research tells us

01

Green spaces directly reduce stress hormones

Studies consistently show a 20–21% reduction in cortisol (the primary stress hormone) after just 20–30 minutes in a park or green environment. This effect is measurable regardless of physical activity — simply being present in nature counts.

Source: WHO Urban Green Spaces & Health, 2016; University of Michigan Study, 2019
02

Urban green cover in Mumbai has declined significantly

Mumbai's green cover has been shrinking at an accelerating rate due to construction, road expansion, and commercial development. Areas like Dharavi, Kurla and Govandi have less than 3% green cover — far below the WHO recommendation of 9m² per person.

Source: BMC Green Development Report; UNEP City Biodiversity Index
03

Indoor plants provide a meaningful substitute effect

For urban residents without park access, studies show that indoor plants and home greenery produce measurable — though smaller — psychological benefits. Even a single plant in a room improves concentration by up to 15% and reduces self-reported anxiety.

Source: Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2015; NASA Clean Air Study
04

Communities with green spaces show stronger social cohesion

Research across 30+ cities found that neighbourhoods with accessible green spaces have measurably higher rates of social interaction, community trust, and collective efficacy — meaning residents help each other more and feel safer.

Source: Kondo et al., 2018, Health & Place Journal
05

Youth in nature-deprived areas show higher anxiety rates

A 2022 UNEP study found that children and teens growing up in areas with less than 5% green cover are 34% more likely to develop anxiety disorders by adulthood compared to those with regular green space access — highlighting why youth-focused initiatives are critical.

Source: UNEP, Nature for Youth Report, 2022
Our Initiatives

Three ways to take action

We're not just researching the problem — we're actively building solutions. Here's how our three core initiatives work together to restore green spaces and well-being in urban communities.

1

EcoStride Mumbai

Spreading Awareness Locally & Globally

EcoStride Mumbai is an engaging city-wide challenge designed to get people moving, planting, and sharing. We inform people around Mumbai how and where they can plant trees — using organic seed pencils that can be planted directly into soil after use — and invite them to document and share their journeys online.

The challenge works in three phases: first we educate participants about the specific health and community benefits of planting in their neighbourhood. Then we provide them with organic pencils and a planting guide tailored to small urban spaces — window boxes, balconies, building corners. Finally, participants photograph their growing plants and share them on our Community page, creating a visible, growing movement.

By making the act of planting visible and social, EcoStride transforms an individual act into a community identity. Every plant shared is a data point showing city authorities where residents are taking green space into their own hands.

📦 Receive organic pencil kit 🌍 Learn where to plant in your area 🌱 Plant & grow 📸 Share your journey 🏆 Track city-wide impact
2

Eco-Warriors Online Course

Educating the Youth of the Future

Our online Eco-Warriors course connects young people with environmental experts and educators who teach them about the importance of green spaces in concrete jungles — and more importantly, what they can do about it.

The course is structured across four modules: understanding the science of green spaces and well-being; learning how to create home gardens tailored to Indian apartment living; exploring how to advocate for green spaces in their communities; and finally, a project where each student designs and documents their own home garden. The course is fully free and accessible from any device.

Participants who complete all modules and their home garden project are certified as Eco-Warriors — a recognised credential they can share and that signals their commitment to urban greening. Certified Eco-Warriors are then invited to share their successes and gardens on our Community page, becoming role models for the next wave of participants.

📚 4-module free online course 👨‍🏫 Expert-led sessions 🌿 Home garden project 🎓 Eco-Warrior certification 🌐 Share on community page
3

EcoStride Platform

The Digital Hub for Urban Green Living

This website itself is the third initiative — an engaging digital platform that educates people about how a healthy environment positively contributes to well-being, while giving them practical tools to find and access green spaces wherever they are.

The centrepiece is our live Green Map (the tab above), which pulls real-time data from OpenStreetMap to show every park, garden, nature reserve, botanical garden, and ethical animal sanctuary worldwide. People can search their city, use their location, and filter by the type of green space they're looking for. Every space shown includes mental health context — not just directions — so visitors understand why going matters, not just where.

Beyond the map, the platform hosts our research findings, showcases our initiatives, and gives the community a space to share their tree-planting successes, home garden transformations, and Eco-Warrior journeys. It's a growing, living record of urban greening in action.

🗺️ Live worldwide green map 📊 Research & evidence hub 🌍 Community success stories 🎯 Well-being education
The Bigger Picture

How the three work together

EcoStride gets people physically planting and moving. The Eco-Warriors course gives them the knowledge to do it well and keep going. The EcoStride platform connects everyone — giving participants a map to find inspiration, a stage to share successes, and research to back up why they're doing it.

Together, the three initiatives create a complete cycle: awareness → education → action → community → more awareness. Each person who participates becomes an ambassador, pulling in more participants through the community pages and the visibility of their growing plants around the city.

Filters
Search a city or load this area
Search or tap "Load this area" to discover green spaces around you
Finding green spaces...
Community

Stories of change

Real people, real plants, real change. Share your EcoStride journey, your home garden transformation, or your Eco-Warrior success — and inspire others to do the same.

Success Stories

What our community has grown

🌿
Priya Sharma
📍 Andheri, Mumbai · Eco-Warrior Certificate #0047

"I live in a 1BHK with no garden. After the Eco-Warriors course I now have 11 plants on my balcony — money plant, peace lily, aloe vera, pothos. My anxiety has noticeably reduced and I actually look forward to mornings now. Something I never expected from a few pots."

🌱
Rahul & Meena Joshi
📍 Dadar, Mumbai · EcoStride Challenge

"We planted our organic pencils in the empty patch outside our building. Three months later there's a small herb garden. Our neighbours started adding to it. It turned into a community thing — 8 families are now involved. It genuinely brought people together."

🌻
Bobby Sharma
📍 Bandra West, Mumbai · Eco-Warrior Certificate #0112

"The research module in the course genuinely shocked me. I didn't realise how much the concrete around me was affecting my brain. I mapped my whole area using the EcoStride map and found a small botanical garden 2km away I never knew existed. I go every weekend now."

🍃
Sister Lourdes School
📍 Goregaon, Mumbai · Eco-Warrior School Partnership

"We ran the Eco-Warriors course with our Class 9 students. 34 students completed it and created home gardens. The change in their focus and calm was remarked upon by multiple teachers. We're making it a permanent part of our curriculum."

Get Involved

Turn awareness into action

Join EcoStride, adopt a plant, submit a hidden green space, and track the small actions that slowly drag cities back toward sanity.

Live Impact

A movement you can measure

0
Seeds planted
0
Participants
0
Cities reached
Adopt a Tree

Name your plant. Track your tiny bit of hope.

Start simple. Give your plant a name, save it locally, and come back to check in. Basic, yes. Useful, also yes.

Green Map Contribution

Submit a Green Spot

Know a quiet park, a garden corner, or some underappreciated patch of green? Add it so someone else can find calm near them too.

Basic version for now. It stores your submission in this browser so the idea is visible without dragging in a backend circus.

Impact

What EcoStride is doing

🌱

Plantation Drives

Neighbourhood micro-planting drives that make small urban spaces feel alive again.

🎤

Outreach

School talks, awareness campaigns, and community nudges that turn passive concern into action.

🚀

Upcoming Initiatives

More city coverage, smarter green tracking, and a stronger public-facing community layer.

Join In

Pick one thing and do it

🗺️
Use the Green MapFind calm near you and make the map a habit instead of doomscrolling.
🌿
Adopt a plantName one, keep it alive, and start with a version of sustainability that fits real life.
🤝
Join EcoStrideShare your effort, contribute spots, and help this feel like a movement instead of a poster.